This is stupid RE: X86 and Arm and USG. USG doesn’t really care about that ultimately, they have other ways to control China et. Al. Yes they tried with Huawei but it doesn’t matter. The cat’s outta the bag on Arm and if they wanted to do something about it they’d have to directly intervene in the market and tax Arm chips or seize Arm.
They’re not, and the vendors that are most popular with Arm in PCs, hyperscalers, or phones are American firms or under a tacit US partner status (MediaTek/Sammy) anyways.
You have to actually enumerate this stuff. You can’t just say “X86 full Americuh so Arm will neverrr replace”. It’s hand wavy and silly.
One cannot invoke ARM vs x86 and not consider history; to be hyperbolic and think that x86 is threatened because ARM has gotten popular is non-nonsensical. ARM fills a role and x86 fills a role, but x86 will always be more dominant in PC and HPC (non-AI) workloads.
Not to argue for arguments sake; but who / what funds large era defining technologies? Our modern day technology is a direct result of the USG military industrial complex post WW2. And x86 is a direct result of that.
If our modern PC computing infrastructure was based on a different ISA than x86, then we would be talking about "that" vs ARM.
ARM will never replace x86 because x86 is already established, just like COBOL in banking is there and will always be there.
And there isn't much to enumerate, all of this can be found with a modicum of goolge-fu:
"Fairchild
Semiconductor’s first products were silicon-based transistors for military and later industrial applications."
https://www.britannica.com/money/Fairchild-Semiconductor
Former Fairchild employees started Intel, Intel came up with x86, and Intel's first big customer was Honeywell.
"Intel’s initial products were
memory chips, including the world’s first metal oxide semiconductor, the 1101, which did not sell well. However, its sibling, the 1103, a one-kilobit dynamic
random-access memory (
DRAM) chip, was successful and the first chip to store a significant amount of information. It was purchased first by the American
technology company
Honeywell Incorporated in 1970 to replace the
core memory technology in its computers."
https://www.britannica.com/money/Intel
And who did Honeywell have a lot of business with? Looks like the USG.
"Among Honeywell’s products are building controls (including heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems), electronic switches and motors, alarms, industrial automation systems, microelectronics, medical instruments, military and commercial
avionics, and space systems. The company’s control equipment for defense applications ranges from missile and bomb guidance systems to cockpit displays and optical and electronic sensors. It is a major producer of auxiliary power units for aircraft (used for main engine starting, cabin cooling, and
electric power generation), turbofan and turboprop engines for business and regional aircraft, engine control systems, environmental control systems for aircraft and spacecraft, and wheels and brakes for commercial and
military aircraft. Its automotive products include truck brakes, turbochargers, oil and air filters, spark plugs, air bags, and seat belt systems. The company also produces a variety of fibres, plastics, and specialty chemicals. In 2000 it employed about 125,000 people worldwide."
https://www.britannica.com/money/Honeywell-International-Inc
So yes, the USG has a vested interest in protecting (as in keeping the latest and greatest performance away from adversaries) x86 and everything around it, including advanced IC development and manufacturing.