You are incorrect about an OS not effecting overclocking. An OS can mess up your overclocking due to incompatabilities with hardware, which, at the moment, xp has a long list. There OCed processors may be 100% stable, it is XP that is not stable due to the hardware incompatabilities and driver problems.
I too, had the same problem with my system, I have an athlon 1200. With windows 2000, I ran it at 1400 with no problems, and no lockups, no matter what I threw at it. But with windows XP, It would only run at default speed. It wouldn't even install without locking up, unless it was at default speed.
For the last month or so, I have it back up to 1400 in windows xp with it being 100% stable, and all it took was to flash my bios (abit kt7 mb) to the newest one available, which I've noticed that there are quite a few people who have had to do the same to get windows xp to run stable, even at default speeds, and all different makes and models of Mother boards. This leads me to believe it to be a XP problem, and not a unstable OCed chip to be the problem.
So, my advice is check and see if you have the latest bios for your MB, if not, flash it, and you may find out that you will get your system backup to your previous OC speeds.
Regards,
Daniel